The impact of electrifying heavy-duty vehicles on the grid

Electrical heavy-duty automobiles provide vital benefits, together with diminished noise air pollution and decrease emissions. Nevertheless, there’s nonetheless a drawback to beat—too many heavy-duty electrical automobiles (EVs) may overload the grid.

Within the Division of Electrical and Laptop Engineering, Dr. Thomas Overbye, professor, Dr. Jonathan Snodgrass, a senior analysis engineer, and electrical engineering graduate college students Diana Wallison and Lyric Haylow carried out a three-year mission to find out how the grid will likely be affected if heavy-duty automobiles are electrified in Dallas and Houston, resulting in extra EVs on Interstate 45.

“In some cases, it would make sense to switch from a diesel truck to an electric truck, especially if they’re just driving in a city, because if those big semis are idling, they’re just burning gas. Whereas if you have an electric truck, you can sit there with zero idle,” Snodgrass mentioned.

“Real pollutants come out of car tailpipes,” Snodgrass mentioned. “If we can reduce or eliminate that, there would be less smog and more efficiency. It’s also it’s just cleaner in general. And imagine if you’re able to reduce traffic noise, especially for people who live along the highways.”

Historically, transportation and electrical grid researchers do not typically discuss to one another, which makes it tough to find out how a lot EVs will stress the grid. To conduct sufficient EV simulations, you want dependable fashions of each the transportation system (for example, how a lot folks drive, the place they drive and what the charging demand goes to be) and the grid.

“The issue is that those that mannequin transportation systems oversimplify grid information and people who mannequin the grid oversimplify transportation information,” Snodgrass mentioned. “What makes our work so novel and cutting edge is that we’re looking at them together.”

The crew partnered with ElectroTempo, a startup spun out of the Texas A&M Transportation Institute and based by Dr. Ann Xu. ElectroTempo works with utility corporations to do state-of-the-art EV modeling. They take actual transportation information and convert it to EV miles to find out a forecasted load. For instance, if 25% of automobiles have been changed with EVs, ElectroTempo may calculate the anticipated electrical load demand on the grid.

The agency then passes that information to the analysis crew, and so they carry out grid simulations to make predictions in regards to the affect it could have on the grid if “x” variety of corporations electrified their transportation fleets.

“Through our partnership with ElectroTempo, we get truck simulation on demand and run it on our grid models,” Snodgrass mentioned. “We can work together to inform companies when they should stay away from electrifying certain fleets because it would be costly or when to work with utility companies to make some upgrades. They could overload the grid if they electrify too many vehicles, or it could be that they should electrify 10% of their fleet for optimal benefits. It’s very important to model heavy-duty truck electrification, since it can have a big impact on the grid.”

Utilizing simulations and information, the crew discovered that the potential affect to the grid after electrifying heavy-duty automobiles can be reasonable, relying on what number of EVs corporations select to have and whether or not they talk with different corporations and their respective utility corporations.

“It’s a tragedy of the commons type of thing, where if each person independently decides they want to add these big loads to the grid and they’re not coordinating with each other, it will cause problems for the grid,” Snodgrass mentioned.

However what would occur if the grid began getting overloaded with electrified vehicles?

“Most likely, grid operators would see the warning signs that transmission lines were getting overloaded, and might redispatch generation, which refers to the process of shifting power plant output in response to changes in power grid conditions. This would increase the cost of electricity for everyone. Or they might tell flexible load to back off.”

“Another foreseeable complication is that utility companies could be too optimistic and oversubscribe truck charging, meaning there are more trucks than the grid can handle, or too pessimistic and deny all heavy-duty EVs to companies, neither of which is good.”

Finally, efficient communication and collaboration between corporations that electrify vehicles is essential to make sure grid stability and reduce noise ranges and emissions.

“The research that we’re doing here at A&M in collaboration with our utility and industry partners is paving the way for this to happen,” Snodgrass mentioned.