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The Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S)applied by the European Centre for Medium-Vary Climate Forecasts on behalf of the European Fee with funding from the EU, routinely publishes month-to-month local weather bulletins reporting on the adjustments noticed in world floor air and sea temperatures, sea ice cowl, and hydrological variables. Many of the reported findings are based mostly on the ERA5 reanalysis datasetutilizing billions of measurements from satellites, ships, plane, and climate stations around the globe.
March 2025—Floor air temperature and sea floor temperature highlights:
International Temperatures
- March 2025 was the second-warmest March globally, with a mean ERA5 floor air temperature of 14.06°C, 0.65°C above the 1991-2020 common and 1.60°C above the pre-industrial stage for March.
- March 2025 was 0.08°C cooler than the file March of 2024 and solely marginally hotter — by 0.02°C — than the third warmest March, in 2016.
- March 2025 was the twentieth month within the final 21 months for which the global-average floor air temperature was greater than 1.5°C above the pre-industrial stage.*
The 12-month interval of April 2024 – March 2025 was 0.71°C above the 1991–2020 common and 1.59°C above the pre-industrial stage.
*Datasets apart from ERA5 could not affirm the 20 months above 1.5°C highlighted right here, as a result of comparatively small margins above 1.5°C of ERA5 world temperatures noticed for a number of months and variations among the many varied datasets.
Based on Samantha Burgess, strategic lead for local weather at ECMWF, “March 2025 was the warmest March for Europe, highlighting once again how temperatures are continuing to break records. It was also a month with contrasting rainfall extremes across Europe, with many areas experiencing their driest March on record and others their wettest March on record for at least the past 47 years.”
Europe and different areas
- The typical temperature over European land for March 2025 was 6.03°C, 2.41°C above the 1991-2020 common for March, making it the warmest March for Europe
- Temperatures had been predominantly above common throughout Europe, with the biggest heat anomalies recorded over japanese Europe and southwest Russia, though throughout the Iberian Peninsula, colder-than-average temperatures occurred
- Exterior Europe, temperatures had been most above common over giant elements of the Arctic, specifically over the Canadian Archipelago and Baffin Bay. They had been additionally above common over the USA, Mexico, elements of Asia, and Australia.
- Temperatures had been most under common over northern Canada, Hudson Bay, and japanese Russia, together with the Kamchatka Peninsula
Sea floor temperature
- The typical sea floor temperature (SST) for March 2025 over 60°S–60°N was 20.96°C, the second-highest worth on file for the month, 0.12°C under the March 2024 file.
- SSTs remained unusually excessive in lots of ocean basins and seas. Some seas, such because the Mediterranean Sea and the northeast North Atlantic, noticed bigger record-breaking areas than final month.
March 2025—Sea ice highlights:
- Arctic sea ice reached its lowest month-to-month extent for March within the 47-year satellite tv for pc file, at 6% under common. This marks the fourth consecutive month wherein the ocean ice extent has set a file low for the time of yr.
- As Arctic sea ice additionally reached its annual most extent in March, the month marked the bottom annual most ever recorded for the area.
- Within the Arctic area, sea ice concentrations had been under common in most ocean sectors outdoors the central Arctic Ocean, significantly within the Barents Sea and Sea of Okhotsk.
- Antarctic sea ice recorded its fourth lowest month-to-month extent for March, at 24% under common.
- Within the Antarctic area, sea ice concentrations had been under common in most ocean sectors, apart from the western Weddell Sea.
March 2025—Hydrological highlights:
- In March 2025, most of southern Europe noticed wetter-than-average circumstances, specifically over the Iberian Peninsula, which was hit by a collection of storms and noticed widespread floods. Additional wetter-than-average areas embody Norway, elements of Iceland, and northwestern Russia.
- Conversely, it was drier than common within the UK and Eire, in a big west-east band throughout central Europe extending southward to the Black Sea, Greece, and Türkiye.
- In March 2025, it was drier than common in most of North America, southwestern, central, and easternmost Asia, southwestern Australia, elements of southern Africa, and southeastern South America.
- Wetter-than-average circumstances had been seen in japanese Canada, western USA, the Center East, throughout Russia, and in elements of central Asia, southeastern Africa, and northeastern Australia.
Extra details about local weather variables in March and local weather updates of earlier months in addition to high-resolution graphics might be downloaded here.
Different helpful hyperlinks:
- Solutions to incessantly requested questions relating to temperature monitoring might be discovered here.
- Observe near-real-time information for the globe on Local weather Pulse here.
- Extra on traits and projections on Local weather Atlas here.
- Entry key datasets simply with the brand new instrument ERA Explorer App here.
Details about the C3S information set and the way it’s compiled:
Temperature and hydrological maps and information are from ECMWF Copernicus Local weather Change Service’s ERA5 and ERA5-Land (floor soil moisture) datasets. The findings about world sea floor temperatures (SSTs) offered listed here are based mostly on SST information from ERA5 averaged over the 60°S–60°N area. Observe that ERA5 SSTs are estimates of the ocean temperature at about 10m depth (often known as basis temperature). The outcomes could differ from different SST merchandise offering temperature estimates at completely different depths. Sea ice maps and information are from a mix of data from ERA5, in addition to from the EUMETSAT OSI SAF Sea Ice Index v2.2. Regional space averages quoted listed here are the next longitude/latitude bounds: Globe, 180W-180E, 90S-90N, over land and ocean surfaces. Europe, 25W-40E, 34N-72N, over land surfaces solely.
Extra details about the information might be discovered here.
Info on nationwide data and impacts:
Info on nationwide data and impacts is predicated on nationwide and regional reviews. For particulars, see the respective temperature and hydrological C3S climate bulletin for the month. C3S has adopted the advice of the World Meteorological Group (WMO) to make use of the latest 30-year interval for calculating climatological averages and altered to the reference interval of 1991-2020 for its C3S Local weather Bulletins overlaying January 2021 onward. Figures and graphics for each the brand new and former interval (1981-2010) are supplied for transparency.
Extra data on the reference interval used might be discovered here.
About Copernicus and ECMWF
Copernicus is the Earth remark element of the European Union’s house program, our planet and its atmosphere to profit all European residents. This system is coordinated and managed by the European Fee and applied in partnership with the member states and European organizations.
The European Centre for Medium-Vary Climate Forecasts (ECMWF) is each a analysis institute and a 24/7 operational service, producing world numerical climate predictions and different information for our member and cooperating states and the broader neighborhood. It operates a world-class supercomputer facility for climate forecasting and holds one of many largest meteorological information archives.
ECMWF is a key participant in Copernicus, the Earth Commentary element of the European Union’s Area program, by implementing quality-assured data on local weather change (Copernicus Local weather Change Service), atmospheric composition (Copernicus Ambiance Monitoring Service), and contributing to data on flooding and fireplace hazard (Copernicus Emergency Administration Service). Along with ESA and EUMETSAT, ECMWF additionally delivers the EU’s Vacation spot Earth initiative, which is creating prototype digital twins of the Earth.
Extra data on Copernicus: www.copernicus.eu
The ECMWF web site might be discovered at https://www.ecmwf.int/
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LinkedIn:
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